We are in the era of speed and precision. Like many other disciplines in environmental biology, aquatic microbiology tends to move forward with new rapid and cutting edge tools to study water-related microorganisms from river banks to the abyss of the oceans. These innovations help to resolve the issues with determining the risks associated with climate change, human activities as well as the interactions between species to redefine what a healthy water environment is for all living organisms sharing these environments.

Approximately 120 companies have been identified to be involved in animal biotechnology and are profiled in the report. These are a mix of animal healthcare companies and biotechnology companies. Top companies in this area are identified and ranked. Information is given about the research activities of 11 veterinary and livestock research institutes. Important 108 collaborations in this area are shown.

Medical Microbiology, the large subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine, is a branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases. Medical microbiologists deal with clinical consultations on the investigation, principles of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases; the scientific development, administrative and medical direction of a clinical microbiology laboratory; the establishment and direction of infection control programs across the continuum of care; communicable disease prevention and epidemiology and related public health issues.

Pharmaceutical Microbiology is an applied branch of Microbiology. It involves the study of Microorganisms associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Other aspects of Pharmaceutical Microbiology include the research and development of anti-infective agents, the use of microorganisms to detect mutagenic and carcinogenic activity in prospective drugs, and the use of microorganisms in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products like insulin and human growth hormone.

Industrial microbiology is primarily associated with the commercial exploitation of microorganisms, and involves processes and products that are of major economic, environmental and gregarious consequentiality throughout the world.

Clinical Infections and Vaccines (CIV)  will cover a range of important topics relevant to Infectious diseases and their impact on human health. The latest information on common healthcare-associated infections, such as Clostridium difficile, Pneumonia, and complicated urinary tract infections and others will be featured in this track. The science in this track works to bring together angstrom-level discovery and clinical research to reduce the burden of infectious diseases around the globe.

Modern microbiology or microbial biotechnology is the application. Which is use to the procedure of microorganisms or plant and creature cells to make valuable items. Since from old circumstances, microoraganisms have been used as Industrial biotechnology, there are colossal measure of microoraganisms which are utilized for bread and cakes, protecting nourishment by pickling, brew and wine making.  The present day aging innovation ventures that became out of these practices. Which produces "characteristic items" to be utilized as medications, biodegradable plastics, solvents and other modern chemicals and furnish us with amino acids, vitamins.

Food biotechnology is the use of technology to transform the genes of our food sources. Our food sources are animals, plants, and microorganisms. With food biotechnology, we form new species of animals and plants, for example, specifically animals and plants that we eat. The technology may not only improve the nutritional quality of staple foods, but can also decreases the need to cultivate crops on deforested land. With food biotechnology, we utilize what we know about science and genetics to improve the food we eat. By improvement, we mean either making the food cheaper to produce, longer lasting, more disease resistant, or extra nutritious.

A biosensor is a device that has the potential to observe a particular substance or analyte with high distinction. Examples of such analytes include glucose, lactate, glutamate and glutamine. Most of the  biosensors are capable of considering the concentration of an analyte in an aqueous solution, mainly producing an electrical signal, which is considered to be proportional to the analyte’s concentration in its determining range. An enzymatic biosensor consists of an enzyme, which identifies and then works with the target analyte producing a chemical signal, a transducer, which produces a physical signal from the chemical one, and an electronic amplifier, which first  determines and then amplifies the signal.

Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for you, especially your digestive system. We usually think of these as germs that cause diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad. Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy. Prebiotics are classified as the non-digestible food ingredients that probiotics can feed off. They are used in the gut to increase populations of healthy bacteria, aid digestion and enhance the production of valuable vitamins. Prebiotics and probiotics both support the body in building and maintaining a healthy colony of bacteria and other microorganisms, which supports the gut and aids digestion.

Environmental biotechnology may be associated with the implementation of action when one tries to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. The International Society for Environmental Biotechnology defines environmental biotechnology as "the development, use, and regulation of biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air, water), and for environment-friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development).

Fermentation is the enzymatic decomposition and utililization of foodstuffs, particularly carbohydrates, by microbes. Fermentation takes place throughout the gastrointestinal tract of all animals, but the intensity of fermentation depends on microbe numbers, which are generally highest in the large bowel. Thus, the large intestine is quantitatively the most important site of fermention, except for species with forestomachs (ruminants). Further, there are major differences in the contribution of fermentation to energy production of different species. In carnivores like dogs and cats, and even in omnivores like humans, fermentation generates rather few calories, but in herbivores, fermentation is a way of life.

Microbial physiology: The study of how the microbial cell functions biochemically. Includes the study of microbial growth, microbial metabolism and microbial cell structure.

The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism (or mechanisms) progress of disease showing its morphological features or that leads to the diseased state. The term can also describe the origin and development of the disease, and whether it is acute, chronic, or recurrent. The word comes from the Greek pathos ("suffering", "disease") and genesis ("creation").

A public health microbiologist contributes to the prevention of communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, plague, diphtheria, rabies, foodborne illnesses and sexually transmitted diseases, by observing and researching the relationships between microorganisms, diseases and public health. The Public Health and Microbiology attentiveness includes studies in microbial pathogenesis, values of public health, epidemiology, molecular genetics, virology, and environmental and industrial microbial processes. Community Health Microbiology delivers professional scientific knowledge and laboratory examination for notifiable bacterial pathogens and bacterially/toxin-mediated outbreaks.

Antibiotics are important medicines for treating bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Unfortunately many of the bacteria which cause these infections are becoming resistant to existing antibiotics. The more we use antibiotics, the more resistant bacteria become.

Biodegradation is the transformation of a substance into new compounds through biochemical reactions or the actions of microorganisms such as bacteria or, alternatively, biodegradation is the process by which microbial organisms transform or alter (through metabolic or enzymatic action) the structure of chemicals introduced into the environment

Bioremediation technologies utilize naturally occurring microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast, to degrade hazardous substances into non-toxic or less toxic substances. There are several advantages of using bioremediation processes compared with other remediation technologies: (1) biologically-based remediation detoxifies hazardous substances instead of merely transferring contaminants from one environmental medium to another; (2) bioremediation is generally less disruptive to the environment than excavation-based processes; and (3) the cost of treating a hazardous waste site using bioremediation technologies can be considerably lower than that for conventional treatment methods.

Organic acids are chemical compounds widely distributed in nature as normal constituents of plants or animal tissues. Organic acids represent a rising chemical segment in which several bio‐based compounds such as fumaric, propionic, and itaconic acids are synthesized. Organic acids constitute a key group among the building‐block chemicals that can be produced by microbial processes. Organic acids have been used for many years in the food, chemical, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. The chemical industries use organic acids as basic compounds for a wide variety of polymer and solvent production processes. Organic acids differ on the basis of the involvement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements. Major types of organic acid produced by microbial activity are citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, itaconic acid, lactobionic acid, gluconic acid, fumaric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid.

In agricultural education and research, the study of agricultural microbiology has undergone tremendous changes in the past few decades, leading to today’s scientific farming that is a backbone of economy all over the globe. Microorganisms in Sustainable  Agriculture, Food, and the Environment fills the need for a comprehensive volume on recent advances and innovations in microbiology.

Phytochemicals are naturally occurring plant chemicals (phyto means plant in Greek). They provide plants with colour, odour and flavour.  Once we eat them, however, research shows they can influence the chemical processes inside our bodies in helpful ways.

Antimicrobial activity refers to the process of killing or inhibiting the disease causing microbes. Various antimicrobial agents are used for this purpose. Antimicrobial may be anti-bacterial, anti-fungal or antiviral. They all have different modes of action by which they act to suppress the infection.